phenomenon for Bangladesh. Almost every year Bangladesh is experienced with flood which causes lots of damages to the human lives and wealth. Sometime it is more devastating and cause huge loss of lives, infrastructures and other properties such as flood of 1974, 1987, 1988, 1998, 2004 and 2007. Those floods inundated almost 60 percent areas of Bangladesh in an average and gradually the time-gap between two major floods is decreasing. The major causes of the flood in Bangladesh are listed below:
- Local Relative Sea Level Rise:
- Riverbed Aggradations:
- Inadequate Sediment Accumulation:
- Deforestation in the Upstream Region:
- Damming of Rivers:
- Soil Erosion due to Tilling:
- Subsidence and Compaction of Sediments:
- Excessive Development:
- Seismic (Earthquake) and Geotectonic Activities:
- Greenhouse Effect:

Thus it is necessary to adopt with the flood through different structural and non-structural measures rather than prevention. A local environment friendly house unit can reduce the vulnerability of flood to some extent where house unit user will be consulted and they will be the common owner of this property. This solution can be a replicable idea for overall flood prone areas of Bangladesh.

Bangladesh is a floodplain country where following characters are significant:
- Venerability of flood is different in different districts.
- Different structure.
- Different Material

To construct a dwelling or house unit in any area affected by flood and make it accessible for the users in such a place, where there is very little technological support is available. Following measures can be taken for those areas to make a house unit:
- Analyzing the flood pattern of these localities.
- Analysis the coping mechanism of flood by the locality.
- Going through participatory approach.
- Analysis the previous data and take a preliminary decision and make a schematic design.
- Implement few modules and verify with local people.
- Corrected the lacking of preliminary modules and then finalized the design.
- Also trained some group of mason to implement the module .

THE PROBLEMS INTENDED TO SOLVE:
1. Flood mitigation
2. Traditional housing pattern with improve accessibility.
3. Easy to cope by the locality
4. Do not hampering the ecological system while enhancing
5. Adopted by the other people living in the delta.

FLOOD MITIGATION:
One of the aims of proposed design is to keep safe the users during the flood period. The site is divided in to two parts one part is excavated to raised the other portion of the land to achieve the height more than highest flood level. So they can safe their in three or four months of the year when the area is flooded. During dry season they can cultivate vegetable the slope of the raised portion to prevent soil erosion and landslides during flood period. The excavated portion is used as a pond during dry season. They can use it for fishing and household work.

Disabled people: physically impaired, visually impaired, intellectually impaired, pregnant woman, child, older man and woman, ill and seek person and other venerable group.

APPROACH TO ACCESSIBILITY OF RAISED COMPOUND:
During flood period or rainy season local people communicate with each other by boat and it is the tradition methods of communication in most the areas of Bangladesh. But in the dry season people without disability can communicate with their community but if there have any person with disability (PWD) it is difficult for them to communicate with other without any help. To make accessible of raised compound a ramp is provided. The height and length ratio of the ramp is keeping 1:12. The ramp made of concrete and keeps rough to prevent slip ness. Landing has enough space to turn of their assistive device (AD). There provide a hand rail is which ensure safety of other member of their family.

The ramp can made by local mud or clay and also keep the mud surface rough. But when a project was implemented by Handicap International they made it with concrete. The villagers traditionally make their house with mud therefore if concrete is unavailable to afford they can easily made it by mud or clay mixed with straw.

The length and width of the ramp is depends on the height of the raised compound and individual dimension of the AD.

HOUSE UNIT:
The house is made of brick build cement-plastered plinth with a corrugated tin roof and side wall is also made of tin with wooden frame, pre cast wooden door (lately door is slightly modified for accessibility) and windows. 2 series of pre cast column (bamboo can be used) is providing to support the roof. Another series of column support the roof of verandah. All of the materials are available in the local market. And same as if they can’t effort concrete plinth they can easily made it by straw mixed mud or clay. All the resources used for building the house unit are locally available and eco-friendly.

APPROACH TO ACCESSIBILITY IN THE HOUSE UNIT:
To make accessible of the house unit a ramp is provided in front of the verandah. The ratio of height and length of the ramp is keeping 1:12. A landing is provided at 6” level at the middle of verandah this landing can use as steps and can used by other member of the family. At the last end of the ramp another landing is provide to turn the AD of PWDs. Finally reach to the house unit this ramp is also keeping rough to prevent slip ness. The width of the door is keeping wide. The door and window lock is fixed in such a level that if there have any PWDs in the family they can operate comfortably.

TOILET:
DESCRIPTION:
The toilet is made of brick build cement-plastered plinth with a corrugated tin roof and side wall is also made of tin with wooden frame. 2 series of pre cast column (bamboo can be used) is providing to support the roof. A ceramic pan is set at plinth level and fixed with floor.

APPROACH TO ACCESSIBILITY:
Toilet is situated by the side of his house (shown in the images), a shallow concrete ramp is providing at the landing of house ramp which lead 3” down to landing level. The toilet size is variable if there have any PWDs in family otherwise the size depends on family comfort. The door is opening out ward to make the toilet space useable for the users. To close the door a string is fixed to the inside of the door, passed through a hook screwed to the top of the door frame and tied to a hand rail beside the toilet (if necessary). Two grab bars are fixed at floor to support the PWD with their poor balance. The grub bars height will fix when it will be constructed in the site and the height must be considered the comfortable level of PWDs.

TUBE WELL:
DESCRIPTION:
The platform of the tube well is made of brick build cement-plastered structure.

APPROACH TO ACCESSIBILITY:
The platform of tube-well is at the same level of ground so PWDs and person without disability can reach easily in the water source. The handle of the tube well is extended to collect the water with less pressure. The platform of the tube-well is also keeping rough to avoid slip ness. A raised seat is provide for PWDs that they can seat there and take bath independently. There is no side grub bar in tube-well because the tube-well remains open and no support to fix the grub bar. And it is a local practice to keep the tube-well or bathing area open\having no shade.

In an accessibility study it was revealed that the local community is interested to develop such a coping mechanism which they can afford to build. In this connection they proposed if such a solution is available where the building components and other materials are locally available they will willingly contribute to bear the building cost.

Handicap international, Bangladesh, DPECO project took the solution of accessibility and they work as a team to complete some accessibility.

MAHAMUDA KHATUN. Bachelor of architecture, Science, Engineering and Technology School in Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.