gravity for support and are not recyclable. 50% of landfills are of construction demolition materials. When Earthquakes move under conventional houses, or wind, water and ice push and overload them, inertia and non-linear forces cause conventional rectilinear dwellings to tear apart. This deficiency together with the use of degradable organic materials constituting almost 100% of the construction, the dwelling degrades significantly even before the mortgage is paid. My new design reveals dwelling technology completely avoiding this problem. The general public, including government, research, and education institutions, are either unaware or is avoiding this issue of new primary dwelling technology.

Sustainability is the point. This reference design is meant to target the long-term owner/user to allow the dwelling to be sustained as-is over many lifetimes. Sustainability and longevity significantly lowers impact on the environment and lowers the cost of living. The longer a dwelling can last without requiring replacement works to isolate it from impacting the environment. Using 100% recyclable materials, which do not degrade in several lifetimes, places it outside environmental impact. This together with its superior insulation, its energy impact is significantly reduced. Energy utilization simulations of this design show reduction of energy utilization as compared to a conventional house in the US as much as 95% reduction over its owner's lifetime.

Of the primary necessities; Food, Shelter, Clothing: Shelter is the primary Artifact that sustains civilization. Acceptance of such a departure from conventional housing may only be proven with a tangible example. Acceptance of this design as a consumer product is as much a marketing challenge as it is a design challenge. A portion of the grant will be invested in test marketing the design. The current ‘System’ of housing depends on un-sustainability requiring renewing houses predictable intervals, depending on the quality of the dwelling. Sustainability works against this concept which flies in the face of those industries built on continuous renewing of aging dwellings.

The primary effort faced by individual humans is the acquisition of a Home constituting the largest, most expensive acquisition an individual obtains. Housing has devolved into business for profit, and is the major segment of the Economy outside transportation and manufacturing. The word "Economy" here is misleading defined as 'Careful, thrifty management of resources, such as money, materials, or labor.' The word "Economy" in application to the housing industry runs contrary to its definition. In its current use, the word "Economy" is misused as a forced condition brought about by organized scarcity. Contrariwise, wealth gives way to prosperity. Certainly a prosperous civilization is not preoccupied with the economy of resource utilization, but it should. The very nature of prosperity is the way in which resources are utilized.

“Housing must be renewable as is,” just like an aluminum soda can may be recycled, housing technology must migrate to being recyclable and renewable by the owner without the use of resources other than recycled materials. Current housing technology does not embody this concept. Vast industries exist to support faulty housing design guaranteeing unsustainable growth and growth at high cost. This widespread practice is institutionalized and can not be maintained indefinitely.

The design:
1. Entirely made of recyclable materials.
2. Mass-producable with well established robotic manufacturing. Computer-Aided-Design utilizing very high tolerances.
3. Entire structure may be erected by owner without intensive manual or skilled labor, or highly specialized tools.
4. Easily altered by owner; a window may be replaced with a solid panel or door, without remodeling, or specialized skills, tools, or intense labor. Changes may be made to the skin without disrupting the support structure.
5. Affords very high resistance to natural forces while providing a 'Garden of Eden' dwelling environment.
6. Less expensive than conventional housing per unit floor space through cost-reducing measures; mass fabrication, containerized transport, and reduced labor of erection.
7. Approved by government institutions allowing lending institutions to provide mortgages for purchase by the prospective home owner.

Advantages and features:
1. Three times more interior floor space per unit mass. This design allows 1, 2, or 3 lofts. These lofts provide multi-story living space and doubles the foundation floor space in the dome. These lofts are supported by the dome struts, not requiring support columns with up to three times more floor space per unit material from conventional housing.
2. Strength Amplification. Employs symetrical compound curvature. Forces are dissipated into the superstructure in all directions simultaneously; “Omni-directional Strength Amplification.” These forces are absorbed and dissipated evenly by every structural member in the dome. Conventional houses using rectilinear beam-strut design as described in the UBC cannot, by design, dissipate forces evenly. These nonlinear forces are channeled to the connections of the struts and beams. This is what causes the all-too common roof-leak into its narrow walls, or the roof to fly off as seen in major wind storms. Conventional houses depend on gravity, my design does not depend on gravity, is strong in all directions independent of gravity.

All forces are balanced. Unlike rectilinear structures, my design exhibits balance against the forces exerted by Earthquake, Wind, Water, and Ice. Movement within the structure as compression and tension are balanced. Conventional houses by design are imbalanced; forces are compensated by building-up the connections between beams and thin wall struts. Also, the number of struts and beams are increased and connections are exagerated between the beams to dissipate sheering forces like in-line and tornado winds. This makes the structure unnecessarily cumbersome to construct and many, many times heavier and therefore more expensive by default.

These forces will always be moving in any structure at an angle from the direction of greatest resistance. In my designs, as the force increases, resistance to the force increases directly proportionately and in direct opposition to the direction of the force. Balancing compression and tension in my designs amplifies the strength of the structure independent of the strength of its materials. This amplification is not revealed in the strength of the materials but in the geometry of the design. The structure or physical model itself is the only way to predict its strength, not a set of performance standards based on rectilinear load bearing. This strength is not predicted by methods used in the UBC.
3. Clear span interior. No internal support columns.
4. All metal construction. Uses commonly available metal stock. Concrete reinforcement can be used to increase the strength of the structure at the added cost of more weight, complexity and expense but is not a requirement.
5. Extremely good wind and ice load resistance. Wind and snow loads are handled much better than any other structure for its price.
6. Superior thermal insulation. Makes use of the dome within a dome concept. An outer and inner skin with airspace as much as 5 feet between shells provides very high quality insulation and can be easily maintained allowing the dome to be used in any terrestrial environment including arctic and mountain tops.
7. Superior window utilization (pasive solar heating and better view). My designs allows windows to be placed in any configuration, allowing views in any direction from horizontal landscape (vertical window at ground level) to vertical sky (window near the top of the dome). This also allows superior Solar heating options in extreme low temperature environments. The surface area of the structure and its skin elements is only 25 percent of the total surface area. In tropical environments, the side away from the sun may be transparent to dissipate heat. In low temperature environments, the sun side openings can be transparent to let in the sun through the 9 feet in diameter, 5 feet air gap windows. My design allows 50 percent of the sun side to be transparent. The low angle of the sun of low temperature environments in winter is accommodated with ease. Inexpensive technology for controlling the transparency of the dome's 9 foot windows allows the window to be automatically switched from opaque/reflective to transparent in seconds, allowing automated environmental control.
8. 24 foot ceiling. The top center of this 30 foot dome is 24 feet. A large tree may grow inside offering environmental advantages through natural air purification and thermal mitigation through natural transpiration.